THE WORLD’S DAMS CAUSED THE CATASTROPHIC FIRE AND DAMAGE ON
30 MARCH 1993, UTC, AT THE NARORA NUCLEAR POWERLESS STATION: SUICIDAL SACRIFICE
BY MODERN CIVILIZATION. COMPARE FUKUSHIMA!
© 2017 Ramaswami Ashok Kumar
ABSTRACT
At 03 Hr. 31 Min. 40.004 Secs. on 31 March 1993 IST or 22
Hr. 01 Min. 40.004 Secs. on 30 March 1993 UTC, the turbine of Unit No. 1 at
Narora Nuclear Powerless Station(3.Ashok Kumar R.) tripped with heavy
vibrations, fire and station blackout with complete loss of power supply for 17
hours(1,BARC). Applying the Precautionary Principle (2,ECRR 2010) my analysis
shows that the turbine tripped at its weakest point(turbine blade root) due to
the application of a water moment surge with a vertically downward force at the
centre of gravity of the World’s dams(4. Ashok Kumar R. 2015) due to a combined
simultaneous worldwide dam content change resulting in a 30g ground motion acceleration, while the
station was designed for 0.32g ground motion acceleration.
The method exemplified by the calculations for the Narora
blackout catastrophe.
1 Find out the centre of gravity of the world’s dams during
the hydrological year under study.
1.1 For this purpose, the data base for the worldwide earthquakes
from magnitude 2 and above for the period 1 June 1992 to 31 May 1993 is got
from USGS Data Base.
1.2 Compute the average deviation from the mean of the
latitude and that from the mean of the longitude. Compute this for the period 1
June 1992 till and including the instant
at which the last earthquake occurred just before the time of the Narora
turbine trip. This average deviation is the location of the centre of gravity
of the world’s dams for the period under study. Here is the data:
1.3 Location of centre of gravity of the reservoirs of the
world’s dams:
25.97979
|
82.58386
|
The Narora Nuclear Powerless Station is located at
28.15806 | 78.40944 |
This is 428 km away from this centre of gravity.
1.4 The data for the earthquake caused by the world's dams(4) just before the occurrence of the Narora Nuclear Station Fire:
1.4 The data for the earthquake caused by the world's dams(4) just before the occurrence of the Narora Nuclear Station Fire:
Date and Time
Latitude Latitude Longitude
Longitude Depth,km
Mag,MM SM
1993-03-30T21:43:21.160Z
|
42.994
|
42.994
|
145.32
|
145.32
|
94.4
|
5
|
mb
|
0.003162
|
It occurred in Hokkaido, Japan Region.
1.5 Legend: Mag, MM
means magnitude of the earthquake in Moment magnitude units. SM denotes the
Seismic Moment of the earthquake. The seismic moment in Newton meters is got by multiplying SM by
10^19.05.
(Continued on page 2)
Page 2
1.6 Assuming that the stress at the hypocentre of the earthquake before
it occurred to be five times the seismic moment in Newton meters(5), the dam
content change at the instant summed up throughout the world’s dams works out
to 0.003063 billion cubic meters.
The weight of this change is
applied
at the centre of gravity of the world’s dams. This weight applied a bending
moment surge at
the Narora
Nuclear Power station with a downward force of 30048559386 Newtons at time
21:48.85 UTC. The mass of Narora Unit 1 is 82.5 million kgs(for steel and
concrete)(6). Assuming a mass of 100 million kgs for the 1991 vintage Narora pressurised
heavy water reactor, the vertically downward acceleration of the Unit works out
to 300.5 m/s/s or 30.63 g. What a terrible beyond design basis force causing
this kind of vertical ground motion! The
ensuing vibrations and heat resulted in the complete destruction of Narora nuclear
Unit 1 with a station black out of 17 hours.
1.7 As shown
in reference 4, dams cause earthquakes. The earthquake data base is used to
derive the dam content change which caused the earthquake. However, not all dam
surges applied at various points of the earth manifest themselves as
earthquakes but do destroy the infrastructure at the point of application of
the dam surge as happened at Narora.
If it is
true that worldwide dam content changes appearing at the centre of gravity of
the water masses behind reservoirs are causing the earthquakes and other
destruction including climate change, then all the earthquakes of the world must
have a dominant destructive force applied at the hypocenters of the quakes
emanating from the dynamics of the surges unleashed by the worldwide dam
content changes acting in concert. The synchronous dance of earthquakes all
over the world is graphically illustrated for various places on the earth (4).
The dance of earthquakes around Narora in synchrony with the pattern of the
world wide earthquakes due to the application of forces unleashed by the
worldwide dam content changes acting in concert is no exception:
1.8 Let
us compare this Narora Nuclear Unit 1
destruction and blackout with the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Power Plant
devastation and meltdown.
1.8.1 What
ground motion acceleration was Fukushima Daichi designed for?
See the
following extract:
From The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident: Final Report of the AESJ ...
edited by Atomic Energy Society of Japan
Thus the Fukushima Daichi Plants were designed for a
vertical ground motion acceleration of less than 0.45g.
1.9 Now see the destructive power of 5.6 million g’s applied by the world’s dam surges at the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Station and compare it with what happened at the Narora Nuclear Station when such a dam surge but of 30g was applied (Table Fukushima):
We can similarly see the wrecking of the Kashiwasaki Kariwa
nuclear station in July 2007 by dam surges causing a strong damquake directly
underneath the station.
1.10 See in Figure 14, the dance of the cumulative annual number of damquakes
300 km around Fukushima Daichi in synchronism with that of the cumulative
annual number of worldwide earthquakes from 1973 to 2014 just like those 500 km
around Narora Nuclear Station as a function of mean of the annual dam content change as a percentage of the annual world dam capacity
:
1.11 A note on the mean
annual worldwide dam content change as a percentage(%) of annual World Dam
Capacity and how it controls the cumulative annual number of earthquakes in
each micro area and in the world as a whole. See Figures 14 and 23 above
regarding the synchronous dances .
For each hydrological
year 1 June Year i to 31 May year i+1, compute the average deviation of the
mean of the earthquake locations . Also compute the mean of the earthquake
epicentres. The average deviation is a measure of the centre of gravity of the
world’s reservoirs behind the dams. Calculate the distance,d,in kilometres, km,
between the centre of gravity and the mean location of the earthquakes. Compute
the sum of the seismic moments of all the earthquakes during the period(SSM).
The dam content change DBCM, in billion cubic meters(BCM) which caused the
earthquakes, is then determined by dividing 5* SSM in newton-meters(Nm) by
(10^15 *9.81*d). The factor 5 accounts for the stress at the earthquake
hypocentre prior to the occurrence of the quake. In this instance DBCM was
determined for each hydrological year from 1973 to 2013. The running mean for
DBCM is computed for each year and expressed as a percentage of the worldwide
annual dam capacity in BCM for the year. For each hydrological year, beginning
with 1973, the cumulative sum of the annual number of earthquakes expressed as
a percentage of the maximum of this cumulative sum for the hydrological years
under study, 1973 to 2013. This cumulative sum of quakes as a function of the
mean of the annual dam content change for Narora (figure 23) and
Fukushima(Figure 14) show identical patterns for the earthquakes as a function
of mean annual dam content changes for Narora and the world as well as for
Fukushima and the World. Thus the dams control rigidly earthquakes on planet
earth. Whether you choose a region around Peurto Rico or around the Boone dam
the patterns are identically synchronous with that for the worldwide
earthquakes as a function of the mean annual dam content changes. For Narora it
was a dam content change for a 5 MM quake equivalent to a 30g vertically
downward ground motion acceleration.. For Kashiwasaki Kariwa it was a dam
content change for a 6.8 MM earthquake directly under the nuclear plants and
for Fukushima it was a great 9 MM magnitude earthquake caused by a dam content
change of a huge 9863 BCM which was equivalent to 5.6 million g ground motion
acceleration. The huge 9863 BCM dam content change included the tsunami dam
content change. It killed 15703 people. The Tohoku quake occurred an hour or so BEFORE THE TSUNAMI HIT Soma, Fukushima with a 9.3 m high wave just 43 km from FUKUSHIMA DAICHI, which in turn was 152 km from the 9.0 MM great Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011. See Table Fukushima above.
See the tsunami history(JMA published on 13 March 2011): See 7. Wikipedia
2.0 References and Notes
1. BARC 2000: A PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
(HRA)
by K. Subramaniam Reactor Safety Division
and
STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF HRA TO INDIAN PRESSURISED
HEAVY WATER REACTORS
by K. Subramaniam, R.K. Saraf, V.V.S. Sanyasi Rao and
V.Venkat Raj Health, Safety and Environment Group, B ARC and R.Venkatraman
Directorate of Operations, NPCIL
BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE MUMBAI, INDIA 2000
2. ECRR 2010: 2010 Recommendations of the ECRR The Health Effects
of Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Regulators' Edition. Edited by
Chris Busby with Rosalie Bertell, Inge
Schmitz-Feuerhake, Molly Scott Cato and
Alexey Yablokov. Published on behalf of the European Committee on Radiation
Risk Comité Européen sur le Risque de
l’Irradiation. Green Audit 2010
Page 30, The Precautionary Principle.
3. Ashok Kumar R. 2004. Dynamic Energy Analysis of the
Indian Nuclear Power Programme.
Link: http://energyauditnuclearprogrammeindia.blogspot.in/2006/08/dynamic-energy-analysis-of-indian.html
4. Ashok Kumar R. 2015. The science of dams causing earthquakes and climate change
5. Ashok Kumar R. 2005. Earthquakes Caused by Dams.
(Continued on page 3)
Page 3
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
End of paper.
20 March 2017.
1 comment:
Re: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-message-from-the-ipcc-report/article35946913.ece?homepage=true
This article is a big zero because it ignores my work on dams as the principal cause of many catastrophes befalling the wild man and his industrial revolution. In living in this world by his own will and skill, the stupidest peasant or tribesman is more competent than the most intelligent worker or technician or intellectual in a society of specialists- Wendell Berry In the Unsettling of America- Culture and Agriculture. See Ramaswami Ashok Kumar. 2021. PERFECT DESIGNS. Blogspot. Also see by the same author,
http://modernandnormal.blogspot.com/2006/09/modern-and-normal-civilizations.html
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